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多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种起源于浆细胞的恶性肿瘤，静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)是其主要并发症之一。高龄、肥胖、遗传因素、高免疫球蛋白血症，以及免疫调节剂(IMiD)和高剂量地塞米松的应用等多种因素，均可导致MM患者并发VTE的风险增加。国际骨髓瘤工作组(IMWG)指南推荐对接受IMiD为基础治疗方案的MM患者，应常规进行VTE风险评估，并根据其风险分层采取预防性抗凝或抗血栓治疗。因此，全面探讨MM患者并发VTE的风险因素和发病机制，建立有效的风险评估模型，以及个性化选择合适且不良反应小的抗凝和抗血栓药物，对改善MM患者的预后非常重要。“,”Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor derived from plasma cells, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of its main complications. A variety of factors can increase risk of VTE complicated with MM patients, including old age, obesity, genetic factors, hyperimmune globulinemia, the application of immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and high-dose dexamethasone, etc.. The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) recommend routine risk assessment of VTE in patients with MM who received IMiD-based regimens, and preventive anticoagulant or antithrombotic therapy based on risk assessment results of VTE. Therefore, a comprehensive discussion of risk factors and pathogenesis of VTE in patients with MM and establishing an effective risk assessment model, as well as personalized selection of anticoagulant and antithrombotic drugs with small adverse reactions, are very important for improving prognosis of patients with MM.