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一、我国档案工作有悠久灿烂的历史毛主席说中国有近四千年有文字可考的历史。这文字可考“考”在那里呢?首先就“考”在档案上。因为四千年前还没有图书,也没有报纸、杂志,一切原始的记载都首先记在档案文件上。最近,国家档案局办的《档案工作》杂志试刊号,那封面设计是很好的。封面上第一个图案是甲骨,即殷代的档案文件;第二个图案是竹简,即刻写在竹片上的文件;最后一个图案是我们现在的案卷。从甲骨到竹简到现在的案卷,大体反映了我们中国档案工作发展的历史过程。据考古工作者研究,我国最早有文字记载是在殷代,那时记在甲骨上,因为当时还没有纸张。甲骨是甚么东西呢?是在河南省安阳县发现的,用乌龟的腹甲或牛的骨臼,上面刻上文字,这就叫甲骨文。其内容有一些是当时的宗教迷信占卜就是对一件事,譬如明年的农业是否是丰年,或者对狩猎、疾病,卜问吉凶等。也有一些是直接记录事务的,如对王的世系、人名、历法、战争等,都有详略不同的记载。甲骨文多者几百个字,有的记载一次战争、战役的经过。当时已经有了历法,这个历法和我们现在沿用的夏历法大体相
First, our archives work has a long and splendid history. Chairman Mao said that there are nearly four thousand years of written history in China. This text can test “test” where? First of all, “test” on the file. Because four thousand years ago no books, no newspapers, magazines, all the original records are first recorded in the file. Recently, the National Archives Bureau’s “Archives Work” magazine trial number, that cover design is very good. The first pattern on the cover is the Oracle bone, the file of Yin Dynasty; the second is the bamboo slips, the document that is instantly written on the bamboo; the last one is our present case file. From Oracle to bamboo slips to the present case file, largely reflects the historical process of the development of our file work in China. According to the study of archeologists, the earliest written records of our country were in the Yin and Dai Dynasties, because there was no paper at the time. What is Oracle bone? Is found in Anyang County, Henan Province, with a tortoise’s plastron or cow’s bone mortar engraved with text above, which is called Oracle. Some of its content is the religious superstition and divination is one thing, such as next year’s agriculture is a harvest year, or hunting, disease, Bu asked good and bad and so on. There are also some direct records of affairs, such as the king’s lineage, name, calendar, war, etc., have a slightly different record. Oracle more than a few hundred words, some records of a war, the battle. At that time, there was already a calendar, which was roughly in the same vein as the Calendars we are now using