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目的对2005-2008年到株洲县疾控中心预防接种门诊主动就诊的动物咬伤者进行流行病学调查和医学处理分析,为更好地预防和控制狂犬病提供科学依据。方法收集2005-2008年门诊的《动物咬伤处理登记本》等资料,采用描述性流行病学的方法对所有就诊者的流行病学特征和医学处理效果进行分析。结果2005-2008年共有就诊者7 294人,4-9月份接诊占65.48%,农村居民占84.43%,男女性别比例1.31∶1。接种疫苗7293人,注射抗血清或高效狂免的3910人,患狂犬病死亡2人。伤人动物犬占94.39%。结论株洲县动物咬伤者以农村居民为主,伤人动物以犬为主,全年均可发生,但4-9月份较多。对婴幼儿咬伤者要慎重处置,重视健康宣教、规范处理伤口、接种疫苗和正确使用抗血清可有效预防狂犬病。
Objective To carry out epidemiological investigation and medical treatment analysis of animal bites in active vaccination clinics of Zhuzhou CDC in 2005-2008 so as to provide scientific basis for better prevention and control of rabies. Methods Data of 2005-2008 outpatient “animal bite registration” and other data were collected, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and medical treatment effects of all the patients. Results A total of 7 294 medical attendants were recruited in 2005-2008, 65.48% were interviewed in April-September, 84.43% were rural residents, and the male-female ratio was 1.31: 1. 7,393 people were vaccinated, 3,910 were injected with antisera or high-potency madness, 2 were killed by rabies. Injured animal dogs accounted for 94.39%. Conclusion Zhuzhou County animal bites mainly rural residents, dogs mainly to dogs, can occur throughout the year, but more in April-September. Care should be taken for infants and young children bitten, pay attention to health education, standardized treatment of wounds, vaccination and the proper use of antisera can effectively prevent rabies.