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20世纪30—40年代,中国存在两种工业化道路的设计:翁文灏的赶超战略和马寅初的均衡发展。翁文灏主张以重工业为中心,快速工业化;马寅初主张农、轻、重均衡发展,重点发挥比较优势和发展基础工业。以马寅初为代表的民国经济学家提出了后发优势、比较优势等重要理论。新中国工业化思想均可从中国近代历史中找到思想渊源。马寅初的基于比较优势原则的均衡发展战略对我们今天走新型工业化道路仍有重要启发。
During the 1930s and 1940s, there were two designs for industrialization in China: Weng’s strategy of catching up and the balanced development of Ma Yinchu. Weng Wenhao advocated the heavy industry as the center, rapid industrialization; Ma Yinchu advocated farming, light and balanced development, focusing on comparative advantages and the development of basic industries. The economists of the Republic of China, represented by Ma Yinchu, put forward important theories such as the advantage of backwardness and the comparative advantage. The thought of industrialization in new China can find its origin in the modern history of China. Ma Yinchu’s balanced development strategy based on the principle of comparative advantage still has important inspiration for us to take a new road to industrialization today.