Continuous tracking of bunch charges is the key to maintain stable operations in a storage ring in top-up mode. Recently, a precise bunch-by-bunch beam-current
Axial gas–liquid separators have been adopted in fission gas removal systems for the development of thorium molten salt reactors.In our previous study,we obser
This paper describes a real-time beam tuning method with an improved asynchronous advantage actor–critic(A3C)algorithm for accelerator systems.The operating pa