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一 关于“总体性”“总体性”是打开卢卡契全部思想的秘密的钥匙.他之所以长期地受到“背离马克思主义”的严重指责,关键也在于此.尽管卢氏在自己的一生中曾多次对这个观点作过说明、补充和修正,甚至于否定,但那主要是迫于外部的政治压力所致.实际上,如果从学术思想的角度来看,卢卡契“总体性”思想的基本内涵前后并没有什么根本的变化,是一以贯之的.它应该是对马克思主义的既有价值的继承和发展,而并不是什么异端和叛逆.要正确地理解和评价卢卡契的“总体性”思想,关键还是他自己对之所作的说明和界定.在《作为马克思主义者的罗莎·卢森堡》一文中,他非常明确地指出:“不是经济动机在历史解释中的首要地位(Vorherrschaft),而是总体的观点,使马克思主义同资产阶级科学有决定性的区别.总体范畴,整体对各个部分的全面的、决定性的统治地位(Herrschatf),是马克思取之黑格尔并独创性地改造为一门全新科学的基础的方法的本质.而无产阶级科学的彻底革命性不仅仅在于它以革命的内容同资产阶级社会相对立,而且首先在于方法本身的革命本质.总体范畴的统治地位,是科学中的革命原则的支柱(Tr(?)ger).”
The key to the “generality” of the “totality” is to open the secrets of all the ideas in Lukacs, and the crux of the reason that he has long been subjected to “serious deviations from Marxism” lies in that. Although Ruth spent his entire life This view has been described, supplemented and amended several times, and even rejected, but mainly due to external political pressure .In fact, if from an academic point of view, Lukacs “total” There is no fundamental change in the basic connotation of the thought, which is a consistent one, it should be an inheritance and development of the existing value of Marxism, and not a heresy and treason. To correctly understand and appraise Lukacs’ In his article “Rosa Luxemburg as a Marxist,” he pointedly and clearly pointed out: “It is not the primacy of economic motivation in the historical interpretation (that is, Vorherrschaft, but an overall view that distinguishes Marxism from bourgeois science from the general category, the overall, all-encompassing and decisive rule of the various parts (Herrschatf) is the essence of the method taken by Hegel Marx and creatively transformed into a completely new science, which is not solely revolutionary in that it uses the content of the revolution as the basis for bourgeois society Opposition, and above all, the revolutionary nature of the method itself, the dominance of the general category as a pillar of the revolutionary principle in science (Tröger ger). ”