中国是个多民族的國家,除漢族外,还有許多少數民族。根據现有不完全的調查,中国少數民族大約有五、六十种,人口在三、四千萬到五千萬之間,約佔全国總人口的十分之一。他们分佈的地區很廣,約佔全國总面積的二分之一,差不多遍及全国,主要是在邊疆,有的聚居,有的雜處。因為歷代反動統治者迫害的結果,他們居住的地方大都是雪山、峻嶺、草地、沙漠,自然條件很差。少數民族的發展情况很不齊一,有的還過着狩猎生活,有的以游牧為生,但大多數的民族巳進入農業經濟,有的且開始有了本民族的无产階級,各民族之间的关系,在過去反动统治時代,是很不協和的,甚至是互相仇視的。中华人民共和國的成立,使中國各兄弟民族的關係有了根本的變化。中国各兄弟民族开始以平等、团结、互助的 China is a multi-ethnic country. Apart from the Han people, there are many ethnic minorities. According to incomplete surveys, there are about 50 to 60 ethnic minorities in China with a population of between 40 and 50 million, accounting for about one-tenth of the total population of the country. They are distributed in a wide area, accounting for about one half of the total area of ​​the country, almost the whole country, mainly in frontier areas, some inhabited, and some miscellaneous goods. Because of the persecution of reactionary rulers over the ages, most of the places inhabited by them were snow-capped mountains, high mountains, grasslands and deserts, with poor natural conditions. The development of ethnic minorities is very uneven. Some live hunting life and some live in nomadic conditions. However, most of the ethnic groups have entered the agricultural economy. Some have started to have their own proletariat and various ethnic groups The relations between the two countries were very uncooperative and even hostile to each other in the era of reactionary rule in the past. The founding of the People’s Republic of China has fundamentally changed the relations among the various fraternal peoples in China. The fraternal peoples of China have begun to take equality, unity and mutual assistance