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稀土元素在现代高新科技、新能源、军事国防等领域发挥着至关重要的作用,消费市场持续扩大;2010年中国稀土出口政策的调整引发了世界稀土价格的急剧升高,一些国家相继启动了新的稀土项目,稀土供给市场份额及潜力发生突变,世界稀土生产与供需形势趋于复杂。本文系统分析了近年世界各国对稀土供应紧张的对策,指出世界稀土市场动态降低了对稀土的需求,导致各国对我国稀土的依赖性降低。未来我国要高效利用稀土资源,积极研究稀土回收及替代相关技术及政策以应对国际新形势。
Rare earth elements play a crucial role in modern hi-tech, new energy, military defense and other fields, and the consumer market continues to expand. In 2010, the adjustment of China’s rare earth export policy triggered a sharp rise in world rare earth prices, and some countries started one after another New rare earth projects, rare earth supply market share and the potential for mutation, the world’s rare earth production and supply and demand situation tends to be complicated. This paper systematically analyzes the countermeasures of rare earth supply in various countries in the world in recent years, and points out that the world rare earth market dynamically reduces the demand for rare earth and leads to the dependence of various countries on the rare earth in our country. In the future, China should make efficient use of rare earth resources, and actively study rare earth recycling and replacement technologies and policies to cope with the new international situation.