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目的:利用居群DNA条形码阐明不同产地(居群)黄芩的遗传分化程度,对其进行产地鉴别。方法:应用进化速率快和母系遗传的叶绿体DNA基因间序列,基于分子谱系地理学理论筛选出居群间遗传分化明显的片段,构建单倍型网状进化树,根据单倍型在网状进化树中的位置、出现的频率和地理分布范围的大小,划分出不同层次的居群DNA条形码,以用于地理分布范围宽窄不同的产地鉴别。结果:本实验筛选出3个叶绿体DNA基因间序列atpB-rbcL,trnL-trnF和psbA-trnH对17个黄芩野生居群进行分子谱系地理学分析,得到13个多态位点,共20个单倍型,其中3个分布最广、频率最高的单倍型可用于较广地域的产地鉴别,称为区域居群DNA条形码;3个分布次之、只存在于2～3个邻近居群的单倍型可用于较窄地域的产地鉴别,称为地区居群DNA条形码;另有8个仅局限在某一个居群的单倍型可用于特定居群的鉴别,称为居群特有DNA条形码。结论:叶绿体基因间序列在居群间存在明显遗传分化,可用于地理分布范围宽窄不同的黄芩产地鉴别。
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the genetic differentiation of Scutellaria baicalensis from different habitats (populations) using population DNA barcodes. Methods: Based on the sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA sequences with high evolutionary rate and maternally inherited gene sequences, the obvious segregation between populations was screened based on molecular phylogeography. The haplotype reticulated phylogenetic tree was constructed. Based on the haplotypes, The location of the tree, the frequency of occurrence and the geographical distribution of the size of the divided into different levels of DNA DNA barcode for geographical distribution of a wide range of different origin identification. Results: In this study, three chloroplast DNA sequences atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH were screened for phylogenetic analysis of 17 wild populations of Scutellaria baicalensis. Thirteen polymorphic sites were obtained, of which 20 were single Fold, of which the three most widely distributed, the highest frequency haplotype can be used for a wide range of areas of origin identification, known as the regional population DNA bar code; followed by three distribution, only exists in 2-3 adjacent populations Haplotypes can be used to identify the origin of narrower territories and are called regional population DNA barcodes. Another eight haplotypes, which are restricted to one population, can be used for identification of specific populations called population specific DNA barcodes . Conclusion: There are obvious genetic differentiation between chloroplast genes in populations, which can be used to identify the origin of Scutellaria baicalensis with different geographical distribution range.