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硒与癌症的流行病学是当前流行病学中最为复杂、质疑甚多、争论颇大的领域之一。本文回顾了已证实的低硒状态可以增加癌症危险的流行病学研究,并讨论了这些研究的限制。为了更有效地验证硒与癌症的假说,首先需要了解每一类癌症的主要危险因子,因为膳食中硒水平低并不引起癌症,但可增加接触致癌物后诱发癌症的敏感性。因此硒应作为一种效应修饰因子(effect modifier),而不仅仅是一种独立的危险因子来分析。
Epidemiology of selenium and cancer is one of the most complex, questionable and controversial areas in the current epidemiology. This article reviews the epidemiological studies that have confirmed the low selenium status can increase the risk of cancer and discusses the limitations of these studies. In order to validate the hypothesis of selenium and cancer more effectively, one must first understand the major risk factors for each type of cancer, as low levels of selenium in the diet does not cause cancer but increases the sensitivity to induce cancer after exposure to carcinogens. Selenium should therefore be analyzed as an effect modifier, not just as an independent risk factor.