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采用悬浮聚合法以丙烯腈和二乙烯苯交联合成聚丙烯腈聚合物微球,以原子吸收光谱(AAS)法研究了它对重金属离子的吸附性能,实验结果表明,聚丙烯腈聚合物对Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+和Zn2+具有不同程度的吸附容量;酸度、吸附时间、离子浓度和温度等对其吸附性能均有一定的影响。以AAS法确定聚丙烯腈聚合物的最佳吸附条件;其对金属离子的最佳吸附容量出现在溶液pH值为5~6范围内,静态吸附时间达到1.5~2 h时吸附基本达到平衡,室温下,吸附容量较大,温度高于40℃时吸附容量逐渐降低,因此选择室温为最佳吸附温度。在最佳吸附条件下聚合物对Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附容量(mg.g-1)分别达到26.6,45.2,39.7和32.5。吸附时间为1.5~2 h时吸附率分别达到83.6%,87.1%,85.3%和86.7%。在5 h以上时吸附率可达到96%。选用0.1 mol.L-1盐酸溶液作为解吸剂洗脱金属离子,解吸率可达到95%。同时还探讨了聚合物的吸附作用机理。
Polyacrylonitrile polymer microspheres were synthesized by suspension polymerization with acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene. The adsorption properties of the polymer microspheres to heavy metal ions were studied by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The experimental results show that the polyacrylonitrile polymer pairs Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Cd2 + and Zn2 + have different degrees of adsorption capacity; acidity, adsorption time, ion concentration and temperature all have certain influence on their adsorption properties. The optimal adsorption conditions of polyacrylonitrile polymer were determined by AAS method. The optimum adsorption capacity of polyacrylonitrile polymer for metal ions appeared in the range of pH 5 ~ 6. When the static adsorption time reached 1.5 ~ 2 h, the adsorption reached the equilibrium. Room temperature, the larger the adsorption capacity, the temperature is higher than 40 ℃, the adsorption capacity gradually decreased, so choose the best adsorption temperature room temperature. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the adsorption capacity of Cu2 +, Pb2 +, Cd2 + and Zn2 + reached 26.6, 45.2, 39.7 and 32.5 respectively. The adsorption rates were 83.6%, 87.1%, 85.3% and 86.7% respectively when the adsorption time was 1.5 ~ 2 h. Absorption rate can reach 96% at above 5 h. Selective use of 0.1 mol.L-1 hydrochloric acid solution as a desorbent elution of metal ions, desorption rate can reach 95%. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism of polymer was also discussed.