中国近代遭遇了空前的民族灾难,经历了巨大的社会变革,同时在思想领域也展开了一场伟大的哲学革命,其中也包括价值观的变革。讲到价值观,便涉及人的自由以及人所创造的价值同人的本质力量(劳动能力和知、情、意等)之间的关系问题。当人们提出要“重新估定一切价值”和批判旧的价值观时,也就要求用一种新的态度对待物质生产能力和理智、意志、情感等精神力量。这里且不谈物质生产能力,就精神力量来说,拿中国近代哲学和古代哲学相比较,便可以看到有明显不同的态度。中国古代哲学家讲理想人格,往往包含有貶低情、意的倾向。不论是通过克已复礼而达到知天命、顺天命的圣贤,或是通过心斋、坐忘而达到与造物者 China experienced an unprecedented national disaster in modern times, underwent tremendous social changes, and at the same time launched a great philosophical revolution in its field of thought, including the transformation of values. When it comes to values, it involves the issue of human freedom and the relationship between the value created by man and the essential power of the human being (ability of work, knowledge, affection, meaning, etc.). When people propose to “re-evaluate all values,” and criticize old values, they also demand that a new attitude be adopted to treat material productive forces and spiritual forces such as intellect, will and emotion. Here, aside from mentioning the material productive capacity, in terms of spiritual power, we can see that there is a markedly different attitude compared with the comparison between Chinese modern philosophy and ancient philosophy. Chinese ancient philosophers to talk about their personality often contain the tendency of belittling their feelings and feelings. Whether it is through the g has been re-enlightened to achieve the fate of God, the heavenly saints, or through the fasting, forgetting to reach the Creator