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近年来各国加强了免疫接种。主要变化有三方面:(1)引入了新的菌、疫苗;(2)接种程序有所改变;(3)有的国家撤出某些老的制品。“群体免疫力”的概念日益受到人们的重视。有人把不同传染病的最低接种覆盖率推导成公式:1-A/L(A=平均感染年龄;L=平均预期寿命年龄)。此理论尚有待验证。
In recent years, all countries have stepped up immunization. The main changes in three aspects: (1) the introduction of new bacteria, vaccines; (2) the vaccination program has changed; (3) some countries to withdraw some of the old products. The concept of “group immunity” is paid more and more attention by people. The lowest vaccination coverage for different infectious diseases was deduced as 1-A / L (A = mean age of infection; L = average life expectancy). This theory has yet to be verified.