12例FAB难以分型的急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ANLL）患者，在核型和免疫表型分析基础上应用RT－PCR方法，同时进行PML－RARa和AML－ETO两种融合基因的检测。除1例杂合性白血病外，均检出融合基因转录本。本法具较高特异性和敏感性，可明显提高确诊率，对治疗策略制定、预后判断，微小残留病监测有重要意义。但该技术仍具局限性，对其结果应作客观性评价。 Twenty-one patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with difficult-to-diagnose FABs were tested for RT-PCR based on karyotype and immunophenotyping. Simultaneously, PML-RARa and AML-ETO fusion genes were detected. In addition to one case of heterozygous leukemia, fusion gene transcripts were detected. This method has high specificity and sensitivity, can significantly increase the rate of diagnosis, and is of great significance for the formulation of treatment strategies, prognosis assessment, and monitoring of minimal residual disease. However, the technology still has limitations and its results should be evaluated objectively.