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目的：探索与当前的流行病学条件相适应，并符合现代医学模式以及费用－效益原则的新的疟疾防治对策。方法：新的防治对策以高危村和高危人群为重点，结合健康教育和行为干预的综合性措施，包括：在高危村进行健康教育，对高危村和曾在山上住宿的高危人群进行集体药物治疗，对疟疾病例进行追踪治疗，但不采用传统的杀虫剂喷洒或浸泡蚊帐。结果：采取新的防治对策措施后群众的疟疾知识、蚊帐使用率和治疗依从性有所提高，各项疟疾指数迅速下降至较低水平。全乡的年疟疾带虫发病率从１９９４年的３．５％下降至１９９６年的１．１％和１９９７年的０．８％；恶性疟带虫发病率从１．０％分别下降至０．３％和０．３％；疟原虫率从１９９５年５月的７．２％下降至１９９６年１１月的２．１％和１９９７年１０月的１．２％，其中恶性疟原虫率则从１．２％下降至０．１％；没有疟疾病例的村比例从１８．６％上升到５４．２％，发病率大于５％的高危村从１４个减少至２个；费用－效益比率１９９５～１９９６年为１∶２．４，１９９７年为１∶４．４。结论：试点研究达到了预期效果，从而为进一步控制海南山区的疟疾提供了新的经验
Objectives: To explore new malaria control strategies that are compatible with current epidemiological conditions and are in line with modern medical models and the cost-benefit principle. Methods: The new control strategies to high-risk villages and high-risk groups as the focus, combined with comprehensive measures of health education and behavioral interventions, including: health education in high-risk villages, high-risk villages and high-risk groups have been on the mountain accommodation of collective drug treatment , Tracking malaria cases but not spraying or soaking mosquito nets with traditional pesticides. Results: After taking new prevention and control measures, people’s awareness of malaria, mosquito net usage and treatment compliance have been improved. The malaria index has rapidly dropped to a lower level. The annual incidence of malaria worms in the township dropped from 3.5% in 1994 to 1.1% in 1996 and 0.8% in 1997; the incidence of P. falciparum decreased from 1.0% to 0 .3% and 0.3% respectively; the rate of Plasmodium dropped from 7.2% in May 1995 to 2.1% in November 1996 and 1.2% in October 1997, of which the rate of Plasmodium falciparum From 1.2% to 0.1%; the proportion of villages without malaria cases increased from 18.6% to 54.2% and the number of high-risk villages with incidences above 5% decreased from 14 to 2. The cost-benefit ratio 1 in 1995 to 1996, 4 in 1997, and 1 in 4.4. Conclusion: The pilot study has achieved the expected results, thus providing a new experience for further control of malaria in mountainous areas of Hainan