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此项建议首先扼要概括了化学平衡的计算方法。简化计算是本建议的核心目的,因此,较为详细地讨论了应用物质自由能函数计算化学平衡的问题。认为它能达到正确、简捷计算的目的,有利于热力学理论的普及化,因而建议采用与推广。根据推演结果,作为举例计算了若干物质(Ti、TiCl_4、TiO_2、Mg、MgCl_2、O_2、Cl_2)的自由能函数,列出了它们的热力学函数表。在此基础上以四氯化钛气相氧化生产钛白、四氯化钛镁热还原生产海绵钛和二氯化镁熔盐电解生产镁为例,考虑了它们的方向问题、最大产量、气相分压、理论温度、热平衡、热效应及分解电压等热力学结论。本文所作热力学函数表,还能用于冶金、化工等工程设计中的热平衡计算。本建议如被认为有适用、推广价值,则列出千余物质(元素和化合物)的基本热力学数据,并计算它们的自由能函数并非难事。有了物质自由能函数,就为此法的推广运用提供了必不可少的基本条件。
This proposal first outlines the calculation of chemical equilibrium. Simplifying calculations is the central objective of this proposal and therefore the problem of calculating the chemical equilibrium using the free energy function of matter is discussed in more detail. Think it can achieve the correct, simple calculation purposes, is conducive to the popularization of thermodynamics theory, and therefore recommended the use and promotion. Based on the results of the derivation, the free energy functions of several materials (Ti, TiCl 4, TiO 2, Mg, MgCl 2, O 2, Cl 2) are calculated as examples, and their thermodynamic functions are listed. On this basis, the titanium dioxide, titanium tetrachloride thermal reduction production of titanium sponge titanium dioxide and magnesium chloride molten salt electrolysis to produce magnesium as an example, taking into account their direction, the maximum yield, partial pressure of gas, Theoretical temperature, heat balance, thermal effects and decomposition of thermodynamic conclusions. The thermodynamic function table made in this paper can also be used to calculate the thermal balance in engineering design such as metallurgy and chemical engineering. It is not difficult to list the basic thermodynamic data for more than a thousand substances (elements and compounds) and to calculate their free energy function if this recommendation is considered applicable and worth promoting. With the function of material free energy, it provides the essential basic conditions for the popularization and application of this law.