Objective: To determine the nature and extent of Iranian casualties by ballistic missile attacks dur-ing the eight years of the Iraq-Iran war.Methods: The data collected about Iraqi missile strikes on Iranian cities included the following: date and time, num-ber and type of missiles, cities targeted, and injuries and deaths resulting from impacts of missiles in civilian areas.The data were extracted from a database that was con-structed by the army staff headquarters based on daily re-ports of Iranian army units during the war.Results: Over a period ofeight years (1980-1988), Iraqi army fired 533 ballistic missiles at Iranian territories.From those, 414 missiles (77.7%) landed on Iranian cities.The impacts of these missiles caused the deaths of 2 312 civil-ians and injured 11 625 others.Three types of ballistic mis-siles were used: FROG-7, Scud, and AI-Hussein (a modified version of the Scud missile).Twenty-seven cities in Iran were struck by Iraqi ballistic missiles.The highest mortali-ties from ballistic missiles were in Dezful and Tehran.Iraqi missile attacks continued for 90 months (2748 days).Conclusion: Our results point to the necessity of investigating the psychological consequences of Iraqi bal-listic missile attacks among survivors in 27 Iranian cities during the eight years of the Iraq-Iran war.