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2003年10月17日,联合国教科文组织第32届大会通过《保护非物质文化遗产公约》并详细界定了“非物质文化遗产”概念的内涵与外延。该公约着重强调了“非物质文化遗产”无形的,也即那些不可视、不可触的文化价值。对无形文化价值的强调直接催生了“活态保护”这一重要的保护理念。“活态”乃是与传统的“死态”——博物馆或是美术馆中的静态展示相对而言的。这其中的逻辑便是,无形文化价值只有在具体文化语境的实践中方能得到体现。而一旦某一承载无形文化价值的实物进入博物馆、美术馆,其原先所处的文化语境便会被剥离,无形文化价值也会随之消失。因此,“活态保护”使得“非物质文化遗产”保护的对象由具体的实物转向支撑某一无形文化价值生存的文化语境。
On October 17, 2003, the 32nd General Conference of UNESCO adopted the “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and defined in detail the connotation and denotation of the concept of “Intangible Cultural Heritage”. The convention emphasizes the invisible “intangible cultural heritage”, that is, those invisible and untouchable cultural values. The emphasis on the value of intangible culture has directly given birth to the important concept of “live protection”. Lives are in contrast to traditional static states in museums or art galleries. The logic behind this is that intangible cultural values can only be reflected in the practice of a specific cultural context. Once a certain object bearing the intangible cultural value enters museums or art galleries, its original cultural context will be stripped away and the intangible cultural value will disappear. Therefore, “Living Protection ” makes the object protected by “Intangible Cultural Heritage ” change from a concrete object to a cultural context supporting an intangible cultural value.