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目的：探索阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）及遗忘型轻度认知障碍（amenstic mild cognitive impairment，aMCI）患者血浆可溶性CD40（soluble CD40，sCD40）和可溶性CD40配体（soluble CD40 ligand， sCD40L）浓度变化特点及其临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法检测20例AD患者、35例aMCI患者和32名正常对照者血浆sCD40和sCD40L浓度水平，简易精神状态检查表（mini-mental state examination，MMSE）评估患者认知功能。结果 AD组、aMCI组和对照组血浆sCD40浓度中位数（上下四分位数）分别为[123.3（97.4，149.5）pg/mL]、[102.9（63.6，124.0）pg/mL]和[70.66（51.0，90.8）pg/mL]，3组间sCD40浓度差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。AD组、aMCI组和对照组血浆sCD40L浓度中位数（上下四分位数）分别为[537.0（316.0，1134.0）pg/mL]、[316.0（190.0，546.0）pg/mL]和[167.0（107.5，478.0）pg/mL]，3组间sCD40L浓度差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。aMCI组血浆sCD40L浓度与MMSE得分呈负相关（r=-0.74，P<0.01）。结论 sCD40和sCD40L浓度水平在AD和aMCI患者血浆中异常增高，因此sCD40和sCD40L可作为AD的早期检测指标，并提示CD40-CD40L信号可能参与AD的发生发展。“,”Objective To explore the plasma levels of soluble CD40 (sCD40) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in the patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Methods The levels of plasma sCD40 and sCD40L were measured in 20 patients with AD, 35 patients with aMCI, and 32 cognitively normal controls (NC) using commercially available ELISAs. The cognitive function of AD and aMCI patients was mea?sured by mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Results There were significant differences in plasma sCD40 among AD, aMCI and NC groups (P<0.05) as the medians (the upper and lower quartiles) of plasma levels were 123.3 (97.4, 149.5) pg/mL, 102.9 (63.6, 124.0) pg/mL and 70.66 (51.0, 90.8) pg/mL, respectively. There were significant differences in plasma sCD40L among AD, aMCI and NC groups (P<0.05) as plasma levels were 537.0 (316.0, 1134.0) pg/mL, 316.0(190.0,546.0) pg/mL and 167.0 (107.5,478.0) pg/mL. A negative correlation between the plasma concentrations of sCD40L and the MMSE scores was found in aMCI patients (r=-0.736, P<0.001). Conclusions There are relevant chang?es of plasma sCD40 and sCD40L levels in patients with AD and aMCI. The present results suggest that plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L may be appropriate biomarkers for AD patients and indicate that CD40-CD40L signaling may be in?volved in AD pathophysiology.