在现代城市化和工业化社会里,某些职业和居住在某些地区的人群经常接触危险因子。接触这些危险因子可能是急性的,也可能是慢性的,前者由于发生了类似三星岛和切尔诺贝利的事故,后者由于生活在城市环境中。在许多国家里,围绕着因接触物理性和化学性因子而致环境和职业公害问题,公众的关心和社会压力正在逐步增加。因此,社会上明显需求关于环境因子对人类健康作用的性质和程度的科学基础知识。环境危害的研究需要许多科学领域的知识如化学放射物理学、生理学、毒理学、流行病学、分子生物学和遗传学。在研究环境 In modern urbanization and industrialized societies, certain occupations and populations living in certain areas are regularly exposed to risk factors. Exposure to these risk factors may be acute or chronic, with the former due to incidents like the island of Samsung and Chernobyl, which lived in urban settings. In many countries, public concern and social pressure are gradually increasing around environmental and occupational hazards due to exposure to physical and chemical factors. Therefore, there is a clear social need for a scientific basis on the nature and extent of the environmental effects on human health. Research on environmental hazards requires knowledge of many scientific fields such as chemical radiophysiology, physiology, toxicology, epidemiology, molecular biology and genetics. In the research environment