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美国国家航空航天局(NASA)希望能在2018年之前,将航天员重新送上月球,最终建立永久性月球基地,为登陆火星做准备。俄罗斯航天局也计划实现航天员登月并建造月球永久基地。而欧空局(ESA)则计划建设月球制氧工厂和其他设施,在月球上形成一个宇宙探索的前哨基地。但是,这些重大计划都基于一个冒险的预言:在某个处于永久阴影下的月球极地陨石坑中能够找到水冰。于是,在月球上能不能找到水冰就成了焦点,成了月球探险成败之关键。前苏联(Luna 1,1959)、美国NASA (Apollo 11,1969)、欧洲ESA(MORO,2003)、日本(月亮女神,2007)和中国(嫦娥,2007)纷纷挤上了月球找水的独木桥,开始了前途未卜的月球寻水之旅。有的很直率,开诚布公地讲明要找水,有的则拐弯抹角,留有余地,非常含蓄。总的来看,国际上的月球寻水从上世纪五十年代末到现在,大致经历了乐观、质疑、验证和谨慎这四个阶段,我们不妨回头看一看人类在月球上的寻水之旅。
NASA hopes to send astronauts back to the moon by 2018 and eventually build a permanent lunar base in preparation for landing on Mars. Russian space agency also plans to astronaut lunar landing and build a permanent base of the moon. The European Space Agency (ESA) plans to build a lunar oxygen plant and other facilities to create a cosmic exploration outpost on the moon. However, these grand plans are based on an adventurous prediction that water ice can be found in a permanently shadowed lunar polar crater. So, on the moon can find water ice became the focus, became the key to the success or failure of lunar exploration. The former Soviet Union (Luna 1, 1959), the United States NASA (Apollo 11, 1969), the European ESA (MORO, 2003), Japan (Moon Goddess 2007) and China (Chang’e, 2007) An uncertain lunar search for water begins. Some are straightforward, frankly stated that they are looking for water, and others are besieged, leaving room for impunity. On the whole, the international search for water from the late fifties of the last century to the present has generally gone through four stages of optimism, questioning, verification and caution. Let us look back at the man’s search for water on the moon trip.