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铀矿工人由于受到高浓度氡及其子体的辐射危害而造成肺癌死亡率增高,这已被大量的流行病学资料所证实。但是,氡及其子体的辐射危害并不是铀矿所特有的,在许多矿山(铅、锌、钨、萤石、铜、铁、金、银、煤等)井下空气中已发现了高浓度的氡及其子体,并有关于非铀矿工肺癌发病率异常增高的资料报道。为保护铀矿及其它非铀矿工的健康,我国新颁布的放射卫生防护基本标准中,规定了铀矿及其它矿井下职业工作人员吸入氡、(气土)及其短寿命子体的限值。 1.职业人员吸入氡、(气土)及其子体的限值 国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)提出的个人职业有效剂量当量的年限值为0.05SV(5rem)。但还应满足可以合理做到的最低水平的原则。年剂量限值造成的辐射危害相当于1.65·10~(-2)×0.05=
The increase in lung cancer mortality among uranium miners as a result of radiation exposure to high concentrations of radon and its daughters has been confirmed by a large body of epidemiological data. However, the radiative hazards of radon and its daughters are not unique to uranium mines. High concentrations have been found in the downhole air of many mines (lead, zinc, tungsten, fluorite, copper, iron, gold, silver, coal, etc.) Of radon and its progeny, and on non-uranium miners reported an abnormal increase in the incidence of lung cancer. In order to protect the health of uranium mines and other non-uranium miners, the basic standards for radiation protection promulgated by our country stipulate the limits for the inhalation of radon, (soil and water) and their short-lived progeny by occupational personnel in uranium mines and other mines . 1. Limits for inhalation of radon, (soil) and its subzones by occupational personnel The ICRP provides an individual occupational effective dose equivalent of 0.05SV (5 rev). However, the principle that the lowest level that can be reasonably achieved should also be met. The radiation dose caused by the annual dose limit is equivalent to 1.65 · 10 ~ (-2) × 0.05 =