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嘴壶夜蛾Oraesia emarginata(Fabricius)是危害水果果实的重要害虫之一,其成虫和幼虫取食不同的寄主植物,可以作为理想的嗅觉研究模式昆虫。为了全面地了解嘴壶夜蛾的形态特性和生物学特性,本实验通过室内饲喂和红外摄像机观察,对嘴壶夜蛾各虫态的外部形态、发育以及昼夜活动节律进行了系统研究。结果表明:嘴壶夜蛾的各龄幼虫可以通过体色,体表色斑的类型、位置和数量,以及腹足的数量进行区别。通过蛹的生殖孔和成虫触角能够很好地区别雌雄。在室内饲养条件下,嘴壶夜蛾的寿命为53.18±1.70 d,存活率为63.62%±2.15%,其中幼虫的发育历期最长,存活率最低,卵的发育历期最短,存活率最高,雄成虫的存活时间显著长于雌成虫(P=0.008)。6龄幼虫的发育历期(5.29±0.15 d)显著长于其余各龄幼虫(P<0.001)。同一龄发育中期幼虫的体长和体重显著大于将蜕皮幼虫和刚蜕皮幼虫(P≤0.037);第2-6龄刚蜕皮幼虫的体重和体长与前一龄发育中期幼虫之间没有显著差异(P≥0.106)。幼虫在光期的孵化、蜕皮和化蛹比例高于暗期,而成虫在暗期的飞行、产卵比例高于光期,成虫的飞行随着暗期时间的增加而逐渐变少,光期成虫的飞行主要在开灯之后1 h。成虫交配集中在暗期的第3-5小时。本研究结果有助于制定有效的嘴壶夜蛾防治措施,而且为嘴壶夜蛾作为嗅觉研究模式奠定基础。
Oraesia emarginata (Fabricius) is one of the most important pests that endanger the fruit of fruit. Its adults and larvae feed on different host plants, which can be used as ideal olfactory model insects. In order to fully understand the morphological and biological characteristics of C. elegans, we systematically studied the external morphology, development and diurnal activity rhythms of each species of C. borealis through indoor feeding and infrared camera observation. The results showed that each instar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda can be distinguished by body color, type, location and number of body surface stains, and the number of gastropods. Through the pupal reproductive pores and adult antennae can distinguish between male and female. Under the conditions of indoor rearing, the life expectancy of C. elegans was 53.18 ± 1.70 d, and the survival rate was 63.62% ± 2.15%. Larval larvae had the longest development duration, the lowest survival rate, the shortest development duration and the highest survival rate , Male adult survival time was significantly longer than female adults (P = 0.008). The developmental duration of the 6th instar larvae (5.29 ± 0.15 d) was significantly longer than that of the other instar larvae (P <0.001). The body length and body weight of mid-developmental larvae of the same age were significantly greater than that of the molting larvae and molting larvae (P≤0.037). There was no significant difference in body weight and body length between the 2- and 6-instar larvae (P≥0.106). Larval larvae hatched, molted and pupal ratio higher than the dark period, and adults in the dark phase of flight, the proportion of spawning than light, adult flight with the dark time increases gradually decreased, adult The flight was mainly 1 h after turning on the lights. Adult mating is concentrated in the first 3-5 hours of darkness. The results of this study contribute to the development of effective control measures of M. frugiperda, and lay the foundation for the study on the pattern of olfactory research.