我国的冰川大多主要集中在西部地区,如青藏高原拥有46298条冰川,面积共约5.94万平方公里,占我国冰川面积的46.7%。是北半球中低纬度地区主要的现代冰川作用中心之一。冰川是高寒地区由雪再结晶聚积而成冰,并且在重力这一作用下缓慢向下流动所形成的。冰川常常是陆上江河湖等径流的主要补给来源之一。诸如长江、黄河、澜沧江、怒江、雅鲁藏布江及印度河等亚洲著名大河均发源于青藏高原,致使青藏高原享有“亚洲水塔”之誉。根据冰川所在地理位置及其发展动态的差异特性,冰川可分为大陆性冰川与海洋性冰川两大类型,前者深居高原内部,降水较小,降水补给的积雪量与冰雪的消融量基本平衡,因而冰川相对较为稳定;后者则多分布在高原东南边缘山区,受印度洋或太平洋吹来的暖湿季风气流影响,降雪补给量大,其消融量亦大,冰川较不稳定,向下移动速度远较大陆性冰川明显。发育于藏东昌都地区八宿县境内然乌乡北侧岗日嘎布北坡的来古冰川,即属于海洋性冰川类型,它临近雅鲁藏布大峡谷,受 Most glaciers in China are mainly concentrated in the western region. For example, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau owns 46298 glaciers and covers an area of ​​about 59400 square kilometers, accounting for 46.7% of China’s glacier area. It is one of the major centers of modern glaciation in the low-latitude northern hemisphere. Glaciers are formed by the recrystallization and accumulation of ice in the alpine region and slowly flowing downward under the action of gravity. Glaciers are often one of the main sources of recharge for on-land rivers and lakes. The famous rivers in Asia, such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Nu River, the Brahmaputra and the Indus, all originate from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, resulting in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau enjoying the reputation of “Asia’s water tower.” According to the difference between the glacier’s geographical location and its development dynamics, the glaciers can be divided into two types: continental glaciers and marine glaciers. The former is located in the interior of the plateau with a small amount of precipitation. The amount of snowfall and the amount of snow and ice ablation The latter is mostly distributed in mountainous areas along the southeastern edge of the plateau and is affected by warm and wet monsoon currents blown by the Indian Ocean or the Pacific Ocean. The amount of snowfall is large and its ablation volume is large. The glacier is unstable. Movement speed is far more obvious than continental glaciers. The ancient glaciers, which developed in the northern slope of Ganggabu on the northern side of Ranwu Township in Bazu County, Qidong, eastern Tibet, belong to the type of oceanic glaciers. It is near the Grand Canyon of the Brahmaputra,