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枪钻是于18世纪末在扁钻的基础上改进而来的,它是几种深孔加工技术中最古老的一种。最早只用于枪管的加工,故而得名。但是由于采用枪钻加工孔具有很高的切削效率,加工的孔尺寸精度高,位置精度和直线度好,同时具有良好的几何形状和表面粗糙度。因而,近几年来愈来愈多地用于精密浅孔和难加工材料孔的加工。据瑞士SIG公司介绍,采用枪钻加工所能达到的直线度和孔径公差分别如图1和图2所示。在平均切削条件下,孔的表面粗糙度可达Ra6.3～0.4μm,在良好条件下可达到0.2μm。
Gun Drilling was developed on the basis of flat diamonds in the late 18th century and is one of the oldest of several deep-hole machining techniques. The earliest only for barrel processing, so named. However, due to the high cutting efficiency of hole machining with guns, the machined hole has high dimensional accuracy, good position accuracy and straightness, and has good geometry and surface roughness. Thus, in recent years more and more used for precision shallow holes and difficult to machine the hole material processing. According to the Swiss company SIG introduced using gun processing can achieve straightness and aperture tolerance shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. Under average cutting conditions, the surface roughness of the hole can reach Ra6.3 ~ 0.4μm, under good conditions can reach 0.2μm.