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T4期分化型甲状腺癌属于晚期甲状腺肿瘤。但其发展缓慢,生物学特性呈“惰性”。因此,其有别于其他晚期恶性肿瘤。如果采取恰当的治疗方法,仍可延长病人生命并改善其生活质量,部分病人甚至可以治愈。因此,明确诊断很重要。对于没有广泛转移的T4期分化型甲状腺癌病人,建议采取积极的手术治疗,包括保守性和根治性手术。保守性手术基本保留了组织器官结构和功能的完整性,但有肿瘤残留风险;根治性手术可以彻底治愈,但存在术后致残可能,且手术并发症发生率较高,影响病人生活质量。对于有广泛转移的T4期分化型甲状腺癌病人,必要时须行姑息性手术,术后辅以综合治疗,也可有效缓解症状和延长存活期。
T4 differentiated thyroid cancer is a late stage thyroid tumor. But its development is slow, the biological characteristic is “lazy ”. Therefore, it is different from other advanced malignancies. If you take the appropriate treatment, can still extend the life of patients and improve their quality of life, some patients can even be cured. Therefore, a clear diagnosis is very important. For patients with stage T4 differentiated thyroid cancer who do not have extensive metastases, aggressive surgery is recommended, including conservative and radical surgery. Conservative surgery basically retains the integrity of the structure and function of tissues and organs, but the risk of residual tumor; radical surgery can be completely cured, but there is the possibility of postoperative disability, and the higher incidence of surgical complications, affecting the quality of life of patients. For patients with extensively metastatic stage T4 thyroid cancer, palliative surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy are required if necessary, and may also be effective in alleviating symptoms and prolonging survival.