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【目的】人类腺病毒(40/41)与人类急性胃肠炎显著相关,被用作娱乐水体中人类病毒污染的指示生物。粪大肠菌群(FC)作为传统的细菌指示生物,用来估计水环境中病原微生物的潜在风险。了解水传播的病原微生物的时空分布对公众健康和疾病的预防具有十分重要的意义。【方法】于2008年5月到10月,在中国10个典型海水浴场共采集30个表层海水样品,分别用定量PCR和细胞培养的方法分析人类腺病毒和FC。【结果】腺病毒的含量为1.7×106 1.1×108基因拷贝/L,其阳性检出率为30%,而普通PCR的阳性检出率为26.7%。其中7个海水浴场的FC超出了景观娱乐水质标准(2 000 CFU/L)。时间分布趋势表明,人类腺病毒从8月份到10月份的污染较其他月份严重(P<0.05)。在该实验条件下,不论是在同一浴场的不同站位还是在不同浴场,腺病毒的空间分布差异都不明显(P>0.05)。同样,FC在不同浴场的时空分布也无明显差异(P>0.05),但是其分布与离岸距离的远近显著相关(P<0.05)。此外,在我们所研究的浴场,细菌和病毒这两种指示生物之间并没有相关性。【结论】为避免在游泳季节胃肠道疾病的大规模爆发,必须加强卫生设施建设和肠道细菌、病毒两种指示生物的监测。
【Objective】 Human adenovirus (40/41) is significantly associated with human acute gastroenteritis and is used as an indicator of human virus contamination in recreational waters. Fecal coliforms (FCs), as traditional bacterial indicator organisms, are used to estimate the potential risk of pathogenic microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of water-borne pathogenic microorganisms is of great importance to public health and disease prevention. 【Method】 From May to October, 2008, 30 surface seawater samples were collected from 10 typical beaches in China. Human adenovirus and FC were analyzed by quantitative PCR and cell culture respectively. 【Result】 The positive rate of adenovirus was 1.7 × 106 1.1 × 108 copies / L, the positive rate was 30%, while the positive rate of PCR was 26.7%. FCs at seven of the beaches exceeded the standard for landscape entertainment water quality (2 000 CFU / L). The trend of time distribution showed that the contamination of human adenovirus from August to October was more serious than other months (P <0.05). Under the experimental conditions, there was no significant difference in the spatial distribution of adenovirus between different stations in the same bath or in different bathhouses (P> 0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in spatio-temporal distribution of FC in different bathhouses (P> 0.05), but their distribution was significantly correlated with the distance to offshore (P <0.05). In addition, there is no correlation between the bathing grounds we studied, bacteria and viruses, the two indicator organisms. 【Conclusion】 In order to avoid the large-scale outbreak of gastrointestinal diseases during the swimming season, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of biochemical facilities and intestinal bacteria and viruses.