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“新-新国际贸易理论”发现企业的出口模式与企业的生产率紧密相关:低生产率的企业只能在国内市场上销售,较高生产率的企业可以在国内市场销售并出口。更高生产率的企业既可以在国内市场销售和出口,还可以“走出去”进行对外直接投资(Melitz,2003;Helpman等,2004)。有趣的是,基于中国工业企业微观数据的经验研究却发现这个结论值得商榷。近期的研究发现在劳动密集型产业,中国主要是低生产率的企业在出口。因此,研究者通常把这种现象称为“生产率悖论”
“New - New International Trade Theory ” found that the export model of enterprises is closely related to the productivity of enterprises: the low-productivity enterprises can only sell in the domestic market and the higher-productivity enterprises can sell and export in the domestic market. Higher productivity firms can both market and export in the domestic market and can also “go global” for outward FDI (Melitz, 2003; Helpman et al., 2004). Interestingly, the empirical study based on the micro-data of Chinese industrial enterprises found that this conclusion is questionable. Recent research has found that in labor-intensive industries, China is mainly exporting low-productivity businesses. Therefore, researchers often refer to this phenomenon as “Paradox of Productivity”