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以7个磷效率不同的大豆基因型为材料,通过土壤盆栽试验进行石灰和磷肥处理,研究酸性土壤上缺磷和铝毒对大豆生长的交互影响及其基因型差异.结果表明:缺磷和铝毒是酸性土壤上同时存在的影响大豆生长的主要障碍因子,其中铝毒对大豆生长的限制更为严重;缺磷和铝毒对酸性土壤上大豆生长的影响具有显著的交互作用.同时施用石灰(降低铝毒)和磷肥(提高磷有效性)比单施石灰或单施磷肥处理对大豆生长的促进效果更显著;缺磷和铝毒对大豆磷吸收的影响远大于对氮、钾吸收的影响.合理种植大豆对酸性土壤具有较好的改良作用.同时施用石灰[1.103gCa(OH)2.kg-1土]和磷肥(2.018gKH2PO4.kg-1土)可使酸性土壤pH值平均提高38.4%,交换性铝含量降低96.3%,有效磷含量提高3223.8%.种植磷高效大豆基因型比磷低效大豆基因型对酸性土壤的改良效果更好.
Seven soybean genotypes with different phosphorus efficiency were used as materials to investigate the interactive effects of phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity on the growth of soybean and their genotypic differences in acid soil by lime and phosphate fertilizer treatments.The results showed that phosphorus deficiency and Aluminum toxicity was the main obstacle factor affecting the growth of soybean in acid soil, and aluminum toxicity had a more serious effect on the growth of soybean; phosphorus and aluminum toxicity had a significant interaction on the growth of soybean in acid soil. The effect of lime (reducing aluminum toxicity) and phosphate fertilizer (increasing P availability) on the growth of soybean was more significant than that of applying lime or phosphate alone. The effect of phosphorus deficiency and aluminum toxicity on soybean phosphorus absorption was much greater than that of nitrogen and potassium absorption The reasonable planting soybean had a good improvement on acid soil.At the same time, the application of lime [1.103gCa (OH) 2.kg-1 soil] and phosphate fertilizer (2.018gKH2PO4.kg-1 soil) Increased by 38.4%, the content of exchangeable aluminum decreased by 96.3% and the content of available phosphorus increased by 3223.8% .Prophytically soybean cultivars with higher P efficiency had better improvement on acid soils than P inefficient soybean cultivars.