目的探讨单纯性热性惊厥(SFC)患儿血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、促乳素(PRL)水平的变化,了解SFC发作后脑损伤的情况。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法对35例单纯性热性惊厥、23例发热无惊厥(既往也无惊厥史)患儿和23例健康体检儿童进行血清NSE、PRL含量的检测。结果SFC组血清NSE水平与发热组和健康对照组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。而发热组与健康对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);三组血清PRL比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论NSE是一个容易检测、特异性高并且稳定性强的脑损伤标志物。而PRL是判断癫癎性发作的一个有用的辅助生化指标。SFC发作时NSE有明显升高,PRL无明显变化,说明SFC发作可致脑损伤。但与癫癎发作是有区别的。 Objective To investigate the changes of serum levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and prolactin (PRL) in children with simple febrile seizures (SFC) and to understand the brain injury after SFC onset. Methods Serum levels of NSE and PRL were measured in 35 children with simple febrile seizures and 23 with no febrile seizures (no history of convulsions) and 23 healthy children with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The level of serum NSE in SFC group was significantly higher than that in fever group and healthy control group (P <0.05). The fever group and healthy control group, the difference was not significant (P> 0.05); three groups of serum PRL, the difference was not significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion NSE is an easy to detect, highly specific and stable brain injury marker. The PRL is a useful adjunct to biopsy to determine the onset of seizures. SFC onset of NSE was significantly increased, PRL no significant change, indicating that SFC attacks can cause brain injury. However, there are differences with the epileptic seizures.