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未成年人及其犯罪行为具有显著的特殊性,因而未成年人犯罪行为与成年人犯罪行为具有质的不同,有鉴于此,国家亲权理念和儿童最大利益原则成为处理未成年人犯罪问题的重要理论依据,在未成年人刑事立法与刑事司法凸显出标签理论和恢复性司法、刑法谦抑性和人道性以及刑罚个别化的应用。国际社会逐渐形成了未成年人刑事司法国际准则,与之相对应的是国内独立未成年人刑事法的发展。我国一直重视对未成年人的特殊保护,强调宽严相济刑事政策,以“教育为主、惩罚为辅”的原则处理未成年人刑事案件。立足于未成年人特殊的生理和心理及其犯罪发展的新态势,并由此促成特定的理论学说、法制建设、司法应对,所以应当建立未成年人构罪标准体系。
Minors and their criminality have distinctive particularities. Therefore, there is a qualitative difference between juvenile delinquency and adult criminality. In view of this, the principle of national paternity and the principle of the best interests of the children have become the treatment of juvenile delinquency An important theoretical basis, the minors criminal legislation and criminal justice highlights the application of label theory and restorative justice, restraint and humaneness of criminal law, and the individualization of penalties. The international community has gradually formed the international norms of criminal justice for minors, correspondingly with the development of the criminal law of minors in the country. Our country has always attached great importance to the special protection of minors, emphasizing the criminal policy of temper justice with strictness, handling the criminal cases of minors on the principle of “education as the mainstay and punishment as the auxiliary”. Based on the special situation of minors in their physical and psychological development as well as their criminality, and thus contributing to a certain theoretical theory, legal construction and judicial response, a standard system of criminal conviction of minors should be established.