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目的了解浙江省温州市城乡居民血脂异常危险分层流行现状及特征,为制定防治政策提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取温州市城乡各2个县区18~80岁共13 056名常住居民,进行问卷调查、体格检查(身高、体重、腰围和血压的测量)及实验室检测(总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖),采用SPSS 22.0的复杂抽样模块进行描述性统计分析和χ~2检验。结果温州市城乡居民按血脂异常危险分层划分,低危、中危和高危检出率分别为23.3%、4.4%和27.0%。农村居民低危检出率为26.6%,高于城市(20.9%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.275,P<0.05),随年龄增加而下降;中危检出率在城乡和性别间差异无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为2.930和2.974,P>0.05),随年龄增长而上升;城市居民高危检出率为30.1%,高于农村(22.8%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.973,P<0.05),随年龄增加而升高。低危人群主要危险因素为胆固醇边缘升高(68.1%)和高胆固醇血症(31.9%);中危人群为高血压(98.6%)、年龄(男性≥45岁或女性≥55岁,87.4%)和胆固醇边缘升高(79.2%);高危人群为代谢综合征(80.2%)、年龄(77.1%)、高血压(62.2%)和糖尿病(46.2%)。结论温州市城乡居民按血脂异常危险分层,心血管病总体危险度处于较高水平,防治重点人群以中年男性和更年期以后女性为主。
Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of stratified risk of dyslipidemia in urban and rural residents in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control policies. Methods A total of 13 056 permanent residents from 18 to 80 years old in urban and rural areas of Wenzhou were recruited by multistage random sampling method. Questionnaires, physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure) and laboratory tests (total Cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose). Descriptive statistics and χ ~ 2 test were performed using SPSS 22.0 complex sampling module. Results Residents in urban and rural areas of Wenzhou were stratified by the risk of dyslipidemia. The detection rates of low risk, intermediate risk and high risk were 23.3%, 4.4% and 27.0% respectively. The detection rate of low risk among rural residents was 26.6%, higher than that of the city (20.9%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 9.275, P <0.05), and decreased with increasing age. There was no significant difference between the sexes (χ ~ 2 values were 2.930 and 2.974 respectively, P> 0.05), and increased with age; the detection rate of high risk in urban residents was 30.1%, higher than that in rural areas (22.8%), with statistical differences Significance (χ ~ 2 = 13.973, P <0.05) increased with age. The main risk factors for low-risk population were elevated cholesterol (68.1%) and hypercholesterolemia (31.9%); moderate-risk population was hypertension (98.6%), age (≥45 years or ≥55 years, 87.4% ) And cholesterol (79.2%). The high-risk groups were metabolic syndrome (80.2%), age (77.1%), hypertension (62.2%) and diabetes mellitus (46.2%). Conclusion The urban and rural inhabitants of Wenzhou are stratified by the risk of dyslipidemia. The overall risk of cardiovascular disease is at a high level. The key population of prevention and treatment is mainly middle-aged men and women after menopause.