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目的 :通过对鼠源、种群、栖息生境的调查研究 ,探讨铁路特等客运站的鼠类防制对策。方法 :采用夹日法和粉迹法调查鼠源及密度 ,分析鼠种 ,进行灭效评价。结果 :铁路上海站鼠源主要是列车窜下和外围环境窜入的。列车窜下的以黄胸鼠为主 (占 65 .1% ) ,外围环境窜入的则以褐家鼠为主 (占 5 4.7% )。完善室内防鼠设施后 ,室内粉迹阳性率由 2 .69%降为 0 .40 % ;在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点后 ,鼠源场所夹日法阳性率由 2 .40 %降为 0 .47% ;采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,室内有鼠场所粉迹法阳性率由灭前的 74.5 %降为灭后的 3.0 %。实施以防为主的防制方法后 ,减少了用药量 ,降低了灭鼠经费。结论 :完善车站室内防鼠设施 ,在鼠源场所设立固定毒鼠点 ,室内有鼠场所采用区域扩大灭鼠法 ,能有效控制铁路特等客运站的鼠密度。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the control strategies of rodents in railway passenger transport stations through the investigation of mouse source, population and habitat. Methods: Murine and densities were investigated by the method of pinch and powder, and the mice were analyzed for their killing effect. Results: The railroad station in Shanghai was mainly driven by the train and the surrounding environment. Rattus flavipectus dominated the train (65.1%), while Rattus norvegicus predominated in the external environment (57.4%). After indoor rodent control facilities were improved, the positive rate of indoor clippings was reduced from 2.69% to 0.40%. After the establishment of fixed tetramine points in the squirrel-infested venues, 0.47%. With the method of regional enlarging rodent control, the positive rate of chalking in indoor rats was reduced from 74.5% before extinction to 3.0% after extinction. Implementation of prevention-based control methods, reducing the amount of medication, reducing the funding of deratization. Conclusion: To improve the indoor rodent control facilities in stations, establish fixed tetramine points in the venues of rats and expand the rodent control method in the indoor rodent areas, which can effectively control the rodent density at the railway passenger terminals.