论文部分内容阅读
以山西省翼城县“滦池”泉域为中心,对前近代华北乡村社会水权的形成过程及特点作了实证分析,指出前近代华北乡村社会初始水权的分配原则并非绝对平均主义,也非单纯以土地多寡、需水多少为依据,而是综合了多方面的因素,这些因素既有自然因素,也有传统文化因素。水权由此具有等级性、不公平不合理性等外部特征。以村庄集体为单位分配水权的形式,表明前近代华北乡村社会的水权本身是非常明晰的,并不存在界定困难的问题。因此,明清以来水利纠纷不断并非水权界定困难造成的,从根本上讲应是资源稀缺和配置不合理的结果。
Taking the “Luanchi” springfield in Yicheng County, Shanxi Province as the center, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the forming process and characteristics of the social water rights in the rural areas of North China before modern times. It points out that the principle of distribution of initial water rights in rural areas in North China in the modern times is not an absolute average Nor is it simply based on the amount of land and the amount of water needed. It is a combination of many factors, which are both natural and traditional. Therefore, water rights have the characteristics of being hierarchical, unfair and irrational. The distribution of water rights in the form of village collectives shows that the water rights in the rural communities in North China in the modern history are very clear and there is no issue of defining difficulties. Therefore, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties disputes over water rights are not caused by difficulties in defining the right to water, which is basically the result of scarcity of resources and irrational allocation.