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目的了解平凉市5岁以下儿童死亡率变化及影响因素。方法利用平凉市妇幼卫生监测数据,收集2010-2014年平凉市妇幼卫生主要指标年度报表及5岁以下儿童死亡数据,进行统计分析。结果 5岁以下儿童死亡率从2010年的2.43‰下降至2014年的1.49‰,经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)~2=42.702,P<0.05);5岁以下儿童死亡率男性为1.10‰,女性为0.78‰,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.838,P<0.05);城镇死亡率0.66‰,农村死亡率1.21‰,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=96.305,P<0.05)。5岁以下儿童死亡原因中,早产及低体重儿、出生窒息、诊断不明、其他先天异常等是主要死因。结论平凉市5岁以下儿童死亡率逐年下降,死亡率男性高于女性,农村高于城市。
Objective To understand the changes of death rate and its influencing factors in children under 5 years old in Pingliang City. Methods Based on the monitoring data of MCH in Pingliang City, we collected the annual reports on the main indicators of MCH in Pingliang City from 2010 to 2014 and the death data of children under 5 years of age and conducted statistical analysis. Results The mortality rate of children under five years old dropped from 2.43 ‰ in 2010 to 1.49 ‰ in 2014, and the difference was statistically significant (χ_ (trend) ~ 2 = 42.702, P <0.05) The mortality rate of males was 1.10 ‰ and that of females was 0.78 ‰ (χ ~ 2 = 31.838, P <0.05). The mortality rate in urban areas was 0.66 ‰ and that in rural areas was 1.21 ‰, with statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 96.305, P <0.05). Causes of death among children under 5 years old, premature and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, diagnosis is unknown, other congenital anomalies are the main causes of death. Conclusion The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Pingliang City has been declining year by year, with the death rate being higher in males than in females and higher in rural areas than in cities.