据WHO估计全球约有300～450万人为结核杆菌与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)双重感染者,其中多数在非洲撒哈拉南部地区。HIV感染者中结核病进展的危险性极高,美国与非洲的研究表明HIV感染是结核病的最大危险因素。 尽管HIV血清学阳性患者有免疫功能损害,但其对抗结核治疗的疗效与HIV血清学阴性者相同,至少于使用含利福平的治疗方案时是如此。然而据Hawken According to the WHO, an estimated 3.00-4.5 million people are double-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), most of them in the sub-Saharan Africa. The risk of TB progression among HIV-infected persons is high, and studies in the United States and Africa show that HIV infection is the single largest risk factor for tuberculosis. Although HIV seropositive patients have immunocompromised patients, their efficacy against tuberculosis is the same as for HIV seronegative patients, at least when using regimens containing rifampicin. However, according to Hawken