苏联的森林病虫害防治专家在监测森林卫生状况、确定主要森林病虫害种类及其发生基地方面做了大量工作。全国的主要食叶害虫有西伯利亚松毛虫、松针毒蛾、松尺蠖、欧洲叶蜂、松锈叶蜂、卷叶锯蜂、舞毒蛾、橡绿卷叶蛾、棕尾毒蛾等;主要的森林病害有针叶树苗猝倒病、橡树真菌病、癌肿病和腐朽病等。严重的干旱、工业污染、林分卫生条件差、不适当的休闲和过伐等因素,都会促使形成病虫害发生基地。防治森林病虫害的首要措施是对它们的发生地点、范围和规模作出预测预报。应用 The Soviet Union’s experts on forest pests and disease control have done a great deal of work in monitoring the state of forest sanitation, identifying the major forest pests and diseases and their place of emergence. The main leaf-eating pests in the country are Siberian pine caterpillars, pine needles moths, pine breams, European leaf bumble bees, pine rust bee, leaf rolling saw bee, Gypsy moth, Oak leaf roller, Damp down disease, oak mycosis, cancer and rot disease and so on. Severe droughts, industrial pollution, poor sanitation conditions, improper recreation and over-cutting all contribute to the formation of a pest and disease base. The first measure to control forest pests and diseases is to predict and forecast the place, scope and scale of their occurrence. application