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在分析国内外河流地貌分类研究的基础上,提出了应用河流等级、封闭度、河道数以及蜿蜒度4个指标所构成的河流分类指标体系,构建了河段尺度上的河流快速分类方法。以辽河流域为案例,将辽河流域3158个河段划分为20种河流类型。研究表明,本文的分类体系具有指标获取容易、满足大面积流域河流管理策略制定的优点。根据辽河流域每种河流类型的结构、功能、过程及生境类型,提出高蜿蜒度干流的3种河流类型和2种复式河道类型应作为优先保护的河流;源头区域的3种河流类型应重点防治流域水土流失,并减少人类对河道的干扰;平原地区的支流3种类型,应减少农田开垦、污水直排等人类活动的干扰。
Based on the analysis of the classification of river topography at home and abroad, the paper proposes a river classification index system which is made up of four indexes of river grade, closure degree, river number and meandering degree, and a rapid river classification method is established. Taking Liaohe River Basin as an example, 3158 rivers in the Liaohe River Basin are divided into 20 river types. The research shows that the classification system in this paper has the advantages of easy access to indicators and meeting the formulation of river management strategies for large-scale river basins. According to the structure, function, process and habitat types of each river type in the Liaohe River Basin, three types of rivers with high meandering degrees and two types of multi-channel rivers should be proposed as priority protected rivers. Three types of rivers in the source area should be focused Prevent and control soil and water loss in the basin, and reduce human interference with the river; three types of tributaries in the plain areas should reduce the interference of human activities such as farmland reclamation and effluent discharge.