人们在对邻近或关注的物质进行识别和应用时,经常利用直接感知到的信息如颜色、气味、状态等来描述物质的物理性质,例如氧气无色、无味、无臭;金属铝呈银白色,常温下为固态等。神农尝百草的传说流传至今,就是一个证明。这个传统至今仍然见之于化学文献和教材之中。虽然人们的感官对同一客观事物的感受大体相同,但是这类描述中存在着因个体之间差异带来的不确定性却是不可讳言的 When people identify and apply the adjacent or concerned substances, they often describe the physical properties of materials by using directly perceived information such as color, smell and state, for example, the oxygen is colorless, odorless and odorless; the aluminum is silver-white , At room temperature, such as solid. Shen Nong tasted hundreds of herbs spread so far is a proof. This tradition is still seen in the chemical literature and textbooks. Although people’s senses have the same feelings about the same objective things, there is uncertainty in this description due to the differences between individuals.