免疫应答最基本的单位是免疫细胞 ,而免疫细胞膜表面的膜分子则承担着免疫识别和将细胞外的信息传递到细胞内两个最基本的功能。1　免疫膜分子胞膜外区主要的识别结构域在生物进化过程中 ,免疫细胞获得了结构各异、识别方式多样的膜分子。这些膜分子依据结构分属不同的超家族 , The most basic unit of the immune response is immune cells, while the membrane molecules on the immune cell membrane carry the two most basic functions of immune recognition and the transmission of extracellular information to cells. Immune membrane molecules in the outer membrane of the main recognition domain In the process of biological evolution, immune cells obtained different structures, identification of a variety of membrane molecules. These membrane molecules belong to different superfamilies according to the structure,