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本文综述了近年来肝素在临床应用的进展。肝素与抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT Ⅲ)以1∶1形成复合物,主要灭活 Xa、Ⅱa 因子活性而发挥抗凝血及抗血栓形成作用。此外,肝素还有维护血管内皮细胞的完整性,抑制动脉粥样硬化、肿瘤血管的增殖和炎症反应,减少游离基释放和抗补体等作用。不但用于防治血栓性疾病,而且还应用于多种非血栓性疾病,肺内给药及超小剂量给药(≤10U/kg))安全,有效、出血少,应用时不必监测,本文就肝素监测及副作用的防治也作了介绍。
This article reviews the progress of heparin in clinical application in recent years. Heparin and antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ) to form a complex 1: 1, the main inactivation of Xa, Ⅱ a factor activity and anticoagulant and antithrombotic effect. In addition, heparin also maintain the integrity of vascular endothelial cells, inhibit atherosclerosis, tumor vascular proliferation and inflammatory response, reduce free radical release and anti-complement and so on. Not only for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases, but also for a variety of non-thrombotic diseases, intrapulmonary administration and ultra-small dose (≤ 10U / kg)) safe, effective, less bleeding, no need to monitor the application Prevention and treatment of heparin monitoring and side effects were also introduced.