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摘要:高效的城市污水取水技术是原生污水源热泵系统可靠运行的前提。针对现有相关技术的不足,提出了开式集成污水取水技术。通过定义网眼阻塞系数、污物密度、截面系数等重要参数,建立了表征其取水特性的数学模型,并提出了临界运行工况的参数条件,考察了各临界运行参数及不同旋转周期下网眼阻塞系数等的变化规律。
关键词: 污水源热泵系统;开式取水;数学模型;运行特性
中图分类号:TU831.6
文献标志码:A
文章编号:16744764(2014)02006206
Abstract:The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.
Key words:sewage source heat pump system; open intake; mathematical model; operational characteristics
能源供需矛盾日益突出,建筑能耗巨大,占社会总能耗的30%以上,其中暖通空调的能耗就占据建筑用能的65%以上,因此大力开发利用可再生能源成为建筑用能可持续发展的有效出路之一[13]。城市原生污水这一新型可再生能源,因其分布广泛、水量巨大[45],当用作热泵系统的低位热源时,节能与环保优势显著,从而备受各国青睐,成为近年争相研究与应用的热点[610]。但由于其成分复杂性,若原生污水热利用过程直接进换热器,则污水中所含大尺度污杂物将在短时间内将其堵塞,导致系统不能安全运行[1112]。因此,能够防堵塞的高效污水取水技术成为热泵系统研究与应用的关键之一。
日本及北欧国家的污水源热泵系统常采取机械刮剥、人工刷洗等方法来解决污水取水过程中换热设备的防堵塞问题[57],存在工作量大、运行工况不稳定的弊端。中国近年开发了反冲洗污水取水装置,实现了稳定、连续取水,并在多个工程中得到了成功的应用,然而该装置仍存在着取水设备承压高、取排水内泄露严重、滤面过滤负荷大等不足[1314]。因此,研究性能更加优越的污水取水技术成为亟待解决的难点,故本文基于一种新提出的开式集成污水取水技术建立了开式原生污水源热泵系统,并将对系统取水的数学模型及运行特性作深入分析。
1开式原生污水源热泵系统
参考文献:
[1]曹怀术,廖华,魏一鸣.2010年中国能源流分析[J].中国能源,2012,34(4):2931.
[2]张斌.2020年我国能源电力消费及碳排放强度情景分析[J].中国能源,2009,31(3):2832.
[3]龙惟定.试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展[J].暖通空调,2003,29(3):2325.
[4]Qian J F,Sun D X.Form and operating mode of nonclean water source heat pump systems with freezing latent heat collection [C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings,Guilin,2009:16041609.
[5]Yoshii T. Technology for utilizing unused low temperature difference energy [J].Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,2001,80(8):696706.
[6]Baek N, Shin U.A study on the design and analysis of a heat pump heating system using wastewater as a heat source [J].Solar Energy,2005,78(3):427440.
[7]Stijemstrom B.Feeding large heating pumps from sewage water treatment plants [C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications and Efficiency of Heat Pump Systems,Atlanta,1991:183192.
[8]Qian J F,Sun D X,Zhuang Z Y.Optimization and analysis of the urban sewage source heat pump system by finite time thermodynamics theory [C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning, Beijing,2007:923926.
[9]Lindstrom H O.Experiences with a 3.3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source [J].Journal of Heat Recovery Systems,1985,5(1):3338.
[10]Wu P, Fu X Z. Feasibility analysis and tentative plan on sewage source heat pump system in Chongqing [C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration,Beijing,2007:14241432.
[11]钱剑峰,吴学慧.污水源热泵软垢厚度对流动换热的影响[J].流体机械,2007,25(1):7378.
[12]张吉礼,钱剑峰,孔祥兵,等.铜管换热器内污水颗粒状污垢生长特性的试验分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(5):6064.
[13]孙德兴.污水源热泵空调项目推广与应用[J].中国科技奖励,2008(2):44.
[14]张吉礼,马良栋.污水源热泵空调系统污水侧取水、除污和换热技术研究进展[J].暖通空调,2009,39(7):4147.
[15]蔡增基.流体力学泵与风机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
(编辑王秀玲)
关键词: 污水源热泵系统;开式取水;数学模型;运行特性
中图分类号:TU831.6
文献标志码:A
文章编号:16744764(2014)02006206
Abstract:The effective sewage intake technology is prerequisite for the untreated sewage source heat pump system to run steadily. In terms of the insufficiency of current sewage intake technologies, an open sewage intake integration technology is proposed. The mathematical model and the distinguish basis of critical state are established for the sewage intake characteristic by defining some important operating parameters, such as the blocking coefficient, the contamination density and the section coefficient. Furthermore, the change rule of each critical operation parameter is observed along with the various initial parameters. The result can provide the theoretical basis to design the open intake integration technology.
Key words:sewage source heat pump system; open intake; mathematical model; operational characteristics
能源供需矛盾日益突出,建筑能耗巨大,占社会总能耗的30%以上,其中暖通空调的能耗就占据建筑用能的65%以上,因此大力开发利用可再生能源成为建筑用能可持续发展的有效出路之一[13]。城市原生污水这一新型可再生能源,因其分布广泛、水量巨大[45],当用作热泵系统的低位热源时,节能与环保优势显著,从而备受各国青睐,成为近年争相研究与应用的热点[610]。但由于其成分复杂性,若原生污水热利用过程直接进换热器,则污水中所含大尺度污杂物将在短时间内将其堵塞,导致系统不能安全运行[1112]。因此,能够防堵塞的高效污水取水技术成为热泵系统研究与应用的关键之一。
日本及北欧国家的污水源热泵系统常采取机械刮剥、人工刷洗等方法来解决污水取水过程中换热设备的防堵塞问题[57],存在工作量大、运行工况不稳定的弊端。中国近年开发了反冲洗污水取水装置,实现了稳定、连续取水,并在多个工程中得到了成功的应用,然而该装置仍存在着取水设备承压高、取排水内泄露严重、滤面过滤负荷大等不足[1314]。因此,研究性能更加优越的污水取水技术成为亟待解决的难点,故本文基于一种新提出的开式集成污水取水技术建立了开式原生污水源热泵系统,并将对系统取水的数学模型及运行特性作深入分析。
1开式原生污水源热泵系统
参考文献:
[1]曹怀术,廖华,魏一鸣.2010年中国能源流分析[J].中国能源,2012,34(4):2931.
[2]张斌.2020年我国能源电力消费及碳排放强度情景分析[J].中国能源,2009,31(3):2832.
[3]龙惟定.试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展[J].暖通空调,2003,29(3):2325.
[4]Qian J F,Sun D X.Form and operating mode of nonclean water source heat pump systems with freezing latent heat collection [C]//Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Energy and Environment of Residential Buildings,Guilin,2009:16041609.
[5]Yoshii T. Technology for utilizing unused low temperature difference energy [J].Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy,2001,80(8):696706.
[6]Baek N, Shin U.A study on the design and analysis of a heat pump heating system using wastewater as a heat source [J].Solar Energy,2005,78(3):427440.
[7]Stijemstrom B.Feeding large heating pumps from sewage water treatment plants [C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications and Efficiency of Heat Pump Systems,Atlanta,1991:183192.
[8]Qian J F,Sun D X,Zhuang Z Y.Optimization and analysis of the urban sewage source heat pump system by finite time thermodynamics theory [C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning, Beijing,2007:923926.
[9]Lindstrom H O.Experiences with a 3.3 MW heat pump using sewage water as heat source [J].Journal of Heat Recovery Systems,1985,5(1):3338.
[10]Wu P, Fu X Z. Feasibility analysis and tentative plan on sewage source heat pump system in Chongqing [C]//Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Refrigeration,Beijing,2007:14241432.
[11]钱剑峰,吴学慧.污水源热泵软垢厚度对流动换热的影响[J].流体机械,2007,25(1):7378.
[12]张吉礼,钱剑峰,孔祥兵,等.铜管换热器内污水颗粒状污垢生长特性的试验分析[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2010,32(5):6064.
[13]孙德兴.污水源热泵空调项目推广与应用[J].中国科技奖励,2008(2):44.
[14]张吉礼,马良栋.污水源热泵空调系统污水侧取水、除污和换热技术研究进展[J].暖通空调,2009,39(7):4147.
[15]蔡增基.流体力学泵与风机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
(编辑王秀玲)