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高效降解糜烂性毒剂芥子气一直是洗消技术研究的难点,传统的化学法洗消产物有毒,洗消剂腐蚀性强,而且无法用于皮肤洗消。该文综述了芥子气的酶法洗消研究进展,针对生物酶在战场洗消时的实际问题,进一步综述了蛋白质工程对烷基卤脱卤酶(HLDs)改造的研究方法和成果。其中,通过改变底物结合位点、进出通道和帽结构上的残基不仅可以更深入了解酶结构与功能的关系,而且可以挖掘出降解活性和热稳定性都大幅提高的良性突变体,是HLDs蛋白质工程改造的热点。
Efficient degradation of decadent poison Mustard gas has always been the technical difficulty of decontamination. Traditional chemical decontamination products are toxic, decontamination agents are highly corrosive and can not be used for skin decontamination. This review summarizes the progress of enzymatic decontamination of mustard gas. In view of the practical problems of enzymatic decontamination on the battlefield, the research methods and achievements on the modification of alkyl halide dehalogenase (HLDs) by protein engineering are reviewed. Among them, by changing the substrate binding sites, access to the channel and cap structure of the residue can not only better understand the relationship between enzyme structure and function, and can dig out degradation activity and thermal stability are substantially improved benign mutants, is HLDs protein engineering hot spots.