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二战后的美国文学,截然不同于一战前的自然主义文学和战后的“爵士乐时代”文学和“迷惘的一代”文学,战争文学一度占领了美国文坛,评论家指出:如果将两场世界大战之后出现的战争小说作比较,不难发现“第二次世界大战之后的作品画面更为宽广,且时而在战争题材之中掺入了种族冲突或其他社会问题,从而使战争成为人类文明各种冲突和危机的一个微观标本”(陆谷孙:924)。而集学者与作家于一身的索尔贝娄成为又一位诺贝尔文学奖得主,标志着美国文学进入了又一个全盛期,《洪堡的礼物》作为其代表作品,也成为其声望最高的小说之一,小说中塑造的洪堡和希特林两个经典形象,充分表现了二战后美国知识分子在精神上遭遇的迷惘和挣扎。
After the Second World War, the American literature completely differed from the naturalist literature before the First World War and the post-war “jazz era” literature and the “lost generation” literature. The war literature once occupied the American literary world. Critics pointed out: Comparing the war novels that emerged after the two world wars, it is not hard to find that “after the Second World War the picture of the work was broader and sometimes ethnic conflicts or other social problems were incorporated into the theme of the war so that The war has become a microcosmic of all kinds of conflicts and crises in human civilization ”(Lu Gu-sun: 924). However, Saul Bellow, one of the collectors and writers, became another Nobel Prize laureate in literature, marking another heyday of American literature. The gift of Humboldt, as its representative work, also became the most prestigious novel One of the two classic images of Humboldt and Hitler in the novel fully demonstrates the mental confusion and struggles suffered by American intellectuals after World War II.