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目的:对1999～2 0 0 3年广西霍乱流行病学特点及监测结果进行分析。方法:对收集的疫情报告、个案、疫点处理、实验室检测和监测月报表等资料进行统计和流行病学分析。结果:1999～2 0 0 3年5年间广西共报告霍乱病例133例,年均发病率0 . 0 6 / 10万,病死3例,病死率2 .2 6 % ,检出带菌者81例;地区分布呈现沿海与内陆并存的格局,流行高峰在7～9月份,病例年龄有老龄化的倾向,职业分布以农民和渔船民为主;流行的优势菌型1999年和2 0 0 0年以O1群小川型为主,2 0 0 1年转变为稻叶型,首次发现O139群霍乱病例和外环境株;分离的小川和稻叶型菌株对复方新诺明、痢特灵等常用抗生素耐药严重,O139群菌株更显严重的多重耐药现象;传播途径以食物和水为主;5年来3类监测地区采集标本的总阳性率为0 . 77‰,阳性标本均出现在疫区,标本阳性率以2 0 0 0年(1. 96‰)为高、以3类地区为最高(1 .34‰) ,各类标本中以疑似病例粪便标本为最高(9 .17‰)。结论:广西霍乱流行强度近年呈逐年下降态势;霍乱监测取得较好的效果,我区霍乱防治工作仍需加强监测。
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cholera in Guangxi from 1999 to 2003 and the monitoring results. Methods: Statistics and epidemiological analysis were conducted on the collected epidemic reports, cases, epidemic treatment, laboratory tests and monthly reports of monitoring. Results: A total of 133 cases of cholera were reported in Guangxi during the five years from 1999 to 2003 with an average annual incidence of 0.06 / 100 000, 3 died and a case fatality rate of 2.2 6%. 81 carriers were detected. The regional distribution shows the pattern of coexistence of coast and inland. The epidemic peak is between July and September. The age of the cases is aging. The distribution of occupations is dominated by peasants and fishing boat people. The prevailing prevalences are 1999 and 2000 O1 group Ogawa type mainly in 2001 transformed into a rice leaf type, the first case of O139 cholera cases and environmental strains; isolated Ogawa and Inaba strains of the compound cotrimoxazole, furazolidone and other commonly used antibiotics Drug-resistant, O139 group of strains more serious multi-drug resistance; the main route of transmission of food and water; 5 years of surveillance area collected samples of the total positive rate of 0 77 ‰, positive samples were found in the affected areas , The positive rate of specimens was high in 2000 (1.96 ‰), the highest in the three types (1.34 ‰), and the highest was (4.17 ‰) in all kinds of specimens. Conclusion: The epidemic intensity of cholera in Guangxi showed a declining trend in recent years. Cholera surveillance has achieved good results. Monitoring and prevention of cholera in our region still needs to be strengthened.