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辛亥革命是中国宪政史上的转捩点,它瓦解了传统的帝国,却没能顺利完成新的民族国家建构;它组建了共和政体,却没有带来共和与民主。与其说是传统文化阻碍了宪政的生长,不如说是迷信西方模式所造成的苦果。革命派和立宪派的争论,背后实际上隐喻着制度论与文化论的分野;在是否应当学习西方的问题上,它们既相通又冲突。只有将制度论的理性建构与文化论的经验累积有机统一起来,才能达致宪政的坦途。
The Revolution of 1911 was a turning point in the history of constitutional government in China. It disintegrated the traditional empire but failed to successfully complete the construction of a new nation state. It formed a republican government without bringing about republicanism and democracy. Instead of hindering the growth of constitutionalism by traditional culture, it is better to say that it is the result of the Western model of superstition. The debate between the revolutionary and the constitutionalists actually metaphor behind the distinction between institutionalism and cultural theory; they are both interlinked and in conflict on whether or not they should study the West. Only by integrating the rational construction of institutionalism with the accumulated experience of cultural theory can we achieve a smooth constitutional government.