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基础设施对城市与区域经济社会发展具有正的溢出效应。本文以北京市为例,分别测度了北京市基础设施对经济增长的贡献率,基础设施部门对其他经济部门的关联关系,以及基础设施与经济社会发展水平的协调度。研究发现:11978-2014年,北京市基础设施对经济增长的平均贡献率为34.9%,其中“七五”“八五”和“九五”时期基础设施建设提速,其贡献率高达45%左右;从各基础设施对GDP的狭义贡献度来看,邮电基础设施所创造的GDP最高,占到全市GDP的9%以上,往下依次为交通、能源和水务部门;2交通和能源部门的感应度系数较高,说明其他经济部门的增长将增加对该基础设施部门的需求,进而带动后者的增长,同时也意味着该基础设施部门易对经济发展产生制约作用,需要适度超前建设;3北京市基础设施发展水平相对滞后于经济社会发展,尤其是水务基础设施,虽然在波动中有所改善,但仍然是基础设施发展的短板,与经济社会的协调发展度最低。
Infrastructure has a positive spillover effect on urban and regional economic and social development. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper measures the contribution rates of Beijing’s infrastructure to economic growth, the relations between infrastructure departments and other economic sectors, and the coordination between infrastructure and economic and social development. The study found that from1978 to 2014, the average contribution rate of infrastructure in Beijing to economic growth was 34.9%, of which infrastructure construction accelerated during the “75”, “85” and “95” The contribution rate is as high as 45%. From the narrow contribution of each infrastructure to GDP, the GDP created by postal and telecommunications infrastructure is the highest, accounting for more than 9% of the city’s GDP, followed by transportation, energy and water sectors. 2 The high degree of sensitivity of the transport and energy sectors suggests that the growth of other sectors of the economy will increase the demand for the infrastructure sector, which will in turn lead to the latter’s growth. At the same time, this means that the infrastructure sector will have a restrictive effect on economic development, Need to be modestly advanced; 3 Beijing’s infrastructure development lags behind its economic and social development. In particular, its water infrastructure has been improving in fluctuation but is still a short board for infrastructure development and a coordinated development with the economy and society lowest.