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作为一类重要的精细化学品,氨基甲酸酯类化合物在农药、医药及有机合成等领域有着广泛的应用。本文介绍了氨基甲酸酯类化合物的主要合成方法,重点阐述了光气及其衍生物法、羰基化法、二氧化碳法、脲类化合物醇解法、霍夫曼重排法等一系列合成途径,并对各合成方法进行了分析评价。指出硒催化硝基化合物及胺等含氮化合物与醇在一氧化碳存在下经羰基化反应来合成氨基甲酸酯类化合物的方法具有较好的发展前景。
As an important class of fine chemicals, carbamates have a wide range of applications in the fields of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis. This paper introduces the main synthesis methods of carbamates, and focuses on a series of synthetic routes such as phosgene and its derivatives, carbonylation, carbon dioxide, urea hydrolysis, Huffman rearrangement and so on The synthetic methods were analyzed and evaluated. It is pointed out that selenium catalyzes the synthesis of carbamates by carbonylation of nitro compounds such as nitro compounds and amines and alcohols with carbon monoxide in the presence of carbon monoxide.