本文拟介绍三个重要的财务指标和分析方法:经营杠杆、财务杠杆和总杠杆。经营杠杆作用分析涉及使用有固定成本的资产,其固定成本如折旧、摊销、租金、财产保险费和管理人员工资等。财务杠杆作用分析涉及的是使用有固定成本的资金,其固定成本如借款利息、优先股股利等。杠杆作用的分析主要根据损益表所提供的资料。但是,由于经营杠杆所涉及使用的固定成本数据在一般的损益表中并不作反映,因此必须对损益表所列示的成本项目 This article intends to introduce three important financial indicators and analytical methods: operating leverage, financial leverage and total leverage. Analysis of operating leverage involves the use of fixed cost assets, such as depreciation, amortization, rent, property insurance premiums, and management salaries. Financial leverage analysis involves the use of fixed costs of funds, its fixed costs such as interest on borrowings, preferred stock dividends and so on. Leverage analysis is based primarily on the information provided in the income statement. However, since fixed cost data used for operating leverage are not reflected in the general income statement, the cost items shown in the statement of profit or loss