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比较原发性气管癌手术与非手术治疗的疗效，探讨影响本病预后的因素。回顾性分析经组织学证实的４４例原发性气管癌病人的临床与随访资料。手术切除１８例；非手术治疗２６例（放疗采用钴６０或高能Ｘ线，靶区剂量为６０～７０Ｇｙ；化疗采用ＣＯＭＦ或ＡＭＦＰ方案４～６个疗程）。结果采用ＫａｐｌａｎＭｅｉｅｒ法计算其１、３、５年生存率，手术切除者分别为８３．３％、６６．７％和３３．３％，非手术治疗者分别为７３．１％、４２．３％和１５．４％。ｌｏｇｒａｎｋ检验显示无统计学意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。气管上段腺样囊性癌预后相对较好，治疗后５年内约有７７．３％病人死于肿瘤末控、复发或转移。结论：原发性气管癌手术与非手术者的预后似乎无明显差异，影响本病预后的因素主要为其发病部位和病理类型
To compare the efficacy of surgical and non-surgical treatment of primary tracheal cancer and to explore the factors affecting the prognosis of this disease. The clinical and follow-up data of 44 patients with primary tracheal cancer confirmed by histology were retrospectively analyzed. Surgical resection in 18 cases; non-surgical treatment in 26 cases (radiotherapy using cobalt 60 or high-energy X-ray, target dose of 60 ~ 70Gy; chemotherapy using COMF or AMFP program 4 to 6 courses). Results The Ka-plan-Meier method was used to calculate the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. The surgical resection rate was 83.3%, 66.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, and the non-surgical treatment was 73.1%. 42.3% and 15.4%. The log-rank test showed no statistical significance, P>0.05. The prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the superior segment of the trachea is relatively good, and about 77.3% of the patients died within the 5 years after treatment died of tumor control, recurrence, or metastasis. Conclusion: The prognosis of primary tracheal cancer surgery and non-operative patients does not seem to be significantly different, and the factors affecting the prognosis of this disease are mainly the location and pathological type of the disease.